Expulsion from a caucus

Inclusion rule

Include, and record the participant as involuntary. The methodology this project published previously excluded expulsions where the member joined no other caucus; that exclusion is withdrawn. The affiliation of record changed, the chamber published the change, and the Library of Parliament counts it.

Counting rule

One event, counted toward the same figure as class 2 — members who left a caucus and sat as an independent — and flagged involuntary so that a reader who wants only voluntary departures can filter it out and say so in print. The stored class describes where the member sat afterwards and not why, which is the only thing it could honestly describe: voluntariness is recorded separately and reads unknown on the large majority of legs, so the two cannot share a field. Expulsion is not a choice, and nothing in the classification implies it was one.

Worked examples

• Marwah Rizqy is expelled from the Quebec Liberal caucus, 2 December 2025

  Day-precision, official and independent sources agree.

  in the database, verified CTF-E-000290

• Elenore Sturko is removed from the Conservative caucus, 22 September 2025

  Day-precision, official and independent. The same member also appears at CTF-E-000133, an earlier affiliation change held at year precision with voluntariness unrecorded — which is why voluntariness is a property of the participation and not of the person.

  in the database, verified CTF-E-000294

What the database holds under this class

7 events currently stored under this class’s event types. Open in the record